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How to fix E_NUI_NOTPOWERED
The "not powered" or "unpowered" issue with Xbox 360 Kinect is caused by a bug in the Kinect for Windows driver when used on Windows 10.
Sometimes, when plugging in an Xbox 360 Kinect or Kinect for Windows V1. The driver may initialize the device wrong, and one or more of the sub-devices of the Kinect will appear driver-less until updated.
To fix it:
Open Device Manager
Extend the Kinect for Windows device category and check it over.
You will most likely see missing devices. A fully working Kinect V1 would include these four devices:
Extend the Other Devices category and look for the devices "Audios", "Xbox NUI Camera" and "Kinect for Windows Security".
For each of them, right-click and choose Uninstall Device then click OK.
Unplug and Replug the Kinect device via USB to your computer.
It should now be fixed.
What if I didn't see anything in Other Devices?
In this case, there's a strong chance that your adapter is faulty or broken. Over on the K2VR Discord, we've had anecdotal evidence suggesting that USB/Power adapters bought through Amazon sellers are more prone to breaking or being dead on arrival. So we recommend if possible buying elsewhere like Ebay.